What are Preschool Assessments? A Guide for Early Educators

Discover how preschool assessments help early educators track child development. Learn about formal and informal methods, key skills to evaluate, and templates.

Last updated on April 16, 2026

A preschool assessment is an evaluation tool early educators use to track a child's developmental progress and measure curriculum effectiveness.

Every child is unique, showing individual personalities, preferences, and skills from the moment they are born. Families, educators, and caregivers must track a child's development to ensure they meet physical, emotional, and cognitive benchmarks. Since observing daily progress can be difficult, regular early childhood assessments provide vital information on whether a child is hitting the right developmental milestones.

In this article, we cover everything you need to know about preschool assessments, including their benefits, how to administer them, and templates to use in your childcare program.

Kindergarten Readiness Checklist

Use this checklist to assess child’s progress in key areas, identify strengths, and promote growth.

What is a preschool assessment?

A preschool assessment is a systematic process of observing and evaluating a child to determine school readiness and track the development of key skills.

Tracking a child's progress throughout the year gives families and educators actionable insights into which topics and skills require more focus. These evaluations also serve as a great tool to check curriculum effectiveness. Without regular check-ins, educators and families might struggle to determine if children are developing age-appropriate skills.

With brightwheel's progress report feature, you can easily measure progress by class or individual child to uncover areas for improvement. The built-in assessment format aligns with state standards and your own learning framework.

Educators use two main approaches to measure a child's progress:

Formal assessments: These involve traditional evaluation methods, like pre-planned questionnaires or standardized tests. In early childhood education, formal assessments help identify if required skills are "present," "emerging," or "not yet emerging."
Informal assessments: These are less rigid, ongoing observations. Teachers observe children in their natural environment and collect information without the child knowing they are being evaluated. Examples include observing playtime, having one-on-one conversations, and reviewing samples of a child's work.

Regardless of the approach, both methods effectively inform educators and families about a child's progress in important areas of development.

Why are preschool assessments important?

Preschool assessments are important because they help educators identify learning strengths, track developmental progress, and communicate effectively with families.

Since preschoolers are too young for traditional testing environments, educators rely on observation. The information gathered during these assessments helps adults:

Identify learning preferences: Discovering how children learn best guides educators in choosing techniques that fit a child's preferred learning style.
Measure developmental progress: Observations show how each child advances academically and in key developmental domains, highlighting skills that need extra support.
Communicate with families: Assessments provide concrete examples of a child's classroom performance. Regular check-ins build trust and keep caregivers informed about their child's needs.
Spot early intervention needs: Early identification helps children who might benefit from speech, physical, or occupational therapy. While informal assessments do not replace professional medical diagnoses, early intervention can positively change the trajectory of a child's development.
Evaluate classroom performance: Childcare administrators and educators can review assessment results to find ways to better support their classrooms and improve teaching strategies.

How do you administer a preschool assessment?

You administer a preschool assessment by conducting short, 10 to 15-minute observational tests at the beginning, middle, and end of the school year.

Administering assessments multiple times gives educators and caregivers a clear understanding of class progress and highlights areas needing future focus. For smaller childcare programs, the director may administer the assessment, observe the children, and adjust the curriculum based on the results. In larger programs, experienced educators should partner with junior staff until everyone feels comfortable assessing children accurately.

Keep in mind that each child will complete tasks at their own pace. Always ensure the environment remains positive, relaxed, and stress-free to get the most accurate results.

What types of skills should you assess in a childcare program?

A comprehensive preschool assessment should evaluate social and emotional skills, physical well-being, pre-literacy, speaking, and basic math comprehension.

The most common skills childcare professionals track throughout the year include:

Social and emotional skills: Evaluates a child's ability to make social connections, self-regulate when upset, and persist when learning new tasks.
Physical well-being and motor development: Examines how a child uses fine and gross motor skills. Tasks include drawing, painting, playing on playground equipment, and building with blocks.
Pre-literacy and pre-writing skills: Looks at a child's ability to follow a story, retell a story, and use fine motor skills while drawing.
Speaking and listening skills: Tracks expressive language, language comprehension, and auditory development. Observations focus on how well a child follows a conversation, expresses thoughts, and responds to various situations.
Math skills: Observes basic number comprehension, counting, sorting by shape, color, and size, and comparing and contrasting objects.

Communicate clearly with families about what the assessment covers and when you will share the results. Reassure them that these evaluations are stress-free observations rather than pass-fail tests, serving simply as conversation starters about their child's development.

How can preschool assessments improve the quality of your program?

Preschool assessments improve program quality by providing actionable feedback on teaching strategies, guiding curriculum updates, and strengthening family engagement.

Establishing a formal assessment process ensures your observations benefit everyone involved. You can enhance the quality of your early education program by following these four steps:

Create a preschool assessment form: Design forms that accurately reflect the developmental milestones appropriate for preschool-aged children.
Fill out your assessments regularly: Document and analyze these evaluations to gain valuable insights into each student's strengths and areas for improvement.
Use assessments to enrich the curriculum: Adapt your educational program to meet the diverse needs of the children, making learning more engaging and effective.
Talk to families about development: Share assessment results to foster a transparent, collaborative relationship. This keeps families informed, involved, and engaged with their child's educational journey.

Where can you find preschool assessment templates and resources?

You can find preschool assessment templates and guidelines through state departments of early education, national institutes, and childcare management platforms.

Since your state may have specific rules and regulations regarding child assessments, always check local guidelines before starting. You can use ready-to-use informal templates to observe specific areas like speaking and listening, pre-literacy, social and emotional skills, and pre-writing.

Here are excellent resources to help you develop your own assessment program:

Speaking and listening skills template

Pre-literacy and math assessment template

Social and emotional skills assessment template

Frequently asked questions about preschool assessments

What types of assessments are used in preschools?

Preschools use both formal and informal assessments, as well as formative and summative methods. Formal assessments use standardized benchmarks to identify if a skill is present or emerging, while informal assessments rely on natural observations and work samples. Educators primarily use formative assessments during daily lessons to adapt teaching, as summative end-of-year assessments are often less developmentally appropriate for young children.

What are the challenges involved in assessing preschoolers?

The main challenge in assessing preschoolers is their short attention span and daily behavioral variations. A child's performance can change from one day to the next, making it difficult to get consistent results. Educators combat this by using quick, informal observations spread over multiple days.

How do I know if an assessment is formal?

A formal assessment is typically scored against a standardized benchmark or rubric. In a childcare program, these evaluations usually take place at the end of a learning period to see if a child meets specific developmental milestones. Unlike informal observations, formal assessments explicitly categorize a child's skills as "present," "emerging," or "not yet emerging."

How long should a preschool assessment take?

Most preschool assessments take between 10 and 15 minutes to complete. Because young children have limited attention spans, keeping the evaluation brief and stress-free ensures the most accurate observation of their natural abilities.

Should families prepare their children for preschool assessments?

Families do not need to prepare their children for preschool assessments. These evaluations simply observe a child's natural behavior, play, and daily interactions, so there is no need for studying or testing anxiety.

The bottom line

Preschool assessments play an integral role in shaping a child's educational path. They provide valuable insights into a child's development, highlighting strengths and identifying areas where additional support may be necessary. More importantly, these assessments foster an environment of personalized learning and growth, ensuring that educators recognize and nurture each child's unique needs and abilities.